Transport to Batukaras


comportable for 4 persons 
We serve charter car to Batukaras beach West Java  with good service and good price.

Price List :

Train Station
Banjar Train Station to or from Batukaras  Rp 600.000
Sidareja Train station to or from Batukaras Rp 500.000

Airport
Kertajati International Airport  ( KJT ) to or from Batukaras  Rp 1.700.000
Yogyakarta International Airport ( YIA )to or from Batukaras Rp. 1.400.000
Soekarno Hatta International Airport ( CGK )to or from Batukaras  Rp. 2.000.000

Jakarta to Java Cove beach hotel Batukaras :  Rp 2.000.000,-
Jakarta to Sun Rise Beach  hotel Batukaras : Rp 2.000.000,-
Jakarta to Villa Monyet Batukaras : Rp. 2.000.000,

Yogyakarta to Java Cove beach hotel Batukaras :  Rp 1.500.000,-
Yogyakarta to Sun Rise Beach  hotel Batukaras : Rp 1.500.000,-
Yogyakarta to Villa Monyet Batukaras : Rp. 1.500.000,

Price above is for maximum 4 persons. For reservation please send email to kuswandic@gmail.com or Whatsapp  +62 81222386201




Green Valley

Green Valley ( Citumang River)




Green Valley  is a tourist attraction that has a special appeal, which is the river that flows Citumang split teak forests with clear blue waters. Banks of the river which consists of ornamental stones padas decorated with niches in nature and flow of rivers which penetrate into the cave. The silence of nature will you find here. Music natural form of water splashing rivers, whispering breeze sneaking through the trees and the sound satwahutan who was never lonely. Tourism is located in the Village District Bojong Parigi Ciamis about 15 km from Pangandaran to the west. The distance of the city entirely Ciamis about 95 km.Citumang can be reached by public transportation Cijulang majors, followed by vehicle OJEG, spliced ​​with a riverside walking track and gardens along 500 meters of the occupation.The other side Citumang Once past the entrance, approximately 300 meters you have to take the journey towards the destination point.
When you find a lush river with trees on each side, continue on your way upstream a bit, because that is where the cool clear water . The flow of water flowing down waiting for you to immediately enjoy .







Mr katayama

Caves



way to green valley (citumang)

 

GREEN CANYON

GREEN CANYON 



One attraction that is now being famous on domestic and foreign tourists are Green Canyon or Cukang Taneuh.

To reach the site, from the dock Ciseureuh, Kertayasa Village, District Cijulang, Ciamis  District, or  about 31 Kilometers from the town of Pangandaran, we will be making a trip down the river Cijulang, on either side of the river we can enjoy the local community activities. After crossing the bridge that connects the Kertayasa village with Batukaras village , the view is really exotic and natural, can we enjoy the 

.A group of fish and catfish cork can be seen with the naked eye. Similarly, lizards, we can see are sunbathing on the rocks or hunting fish.  Attraction of Bultok bird  color brown or blue is being plunged into water from branch and re-emerged with a fish in its beak, also we can enjoy every morning before noon.

Fantasy that can be enjoyed by tourists who come to Cukang Taneuh or Green canyon, far down the river for boating Cijulang and enjoy the coolness of the water that comes out directly from the spring Cukang Taneuh. Generally, foreign tourists who swim while enjoying the many stalactites and stalagmites as well rock waterfall.In accordance with the given name Cukang Taneuh by local community, a natural phenomenon that can be enjoyed is the land bridge (Cukang = bridge, Taneuh = Soil / ground) between the water that falls from the ceiling to form a curtain. In a cave decorated with stalactites and stalaknit rocks, the cliffs are connected by a bridge (the Soil / ground).


Still in the cave, the most amazing scenery can be enjoyed from the actual Cukang Taneuh about to go. Starting with a waterfall Palatar (initial or front) getting into the, towering green cliffs, in some parts there are stalactites and stalaknit, and the cliff wall reliefs that formed naturally over thousands of epidemic.


While enjoying the scenery in this Taneuh Cukang, our view is blocked by a curtain of water that creates a natural music with incessant gurgling sound. Cukang Taneuh  running water is like a perpetual rain. Because, although the dry season, water that comes out of the ceiling has never stopped .






Deeper into the Cukang Taneuh, we can not continue the journey by boat because of blocked rocks as high as 1.5 meters. Beneath these stones lay  the  water is bluish during dry season and greenish during wet season.. Among the gurgle of water coming out of spring is the time spent by foreign tourists to swim.


To get to the attraction or green Taneuh Cukang Canyon which is now the most Favoutite of Ciamis District attraction after the Pangandaran beach , if not using  a private vehicle can use a rented vehicle or public transportation  Pangandaran - Cijulang Lines, or contact  www.pangandarantrip.blogspot.com to take care of travel and hotel and tour during in  Pangandaran or Batu Karas..





Pangandaran Beach


Black monkey at Pangandaran National Park


Pangandaran beach is  located on the south coast  on the island of Java  . It is a tourist attraction on the coast of West Java. About 220 Kilometers from Bandung , six hours by bus. If from Jakarta 9 hours trip.

Some features of  this beach include:

* Can see the sunrise and sunsets from the same place
* Gently sloping beach with clear water and the distance between the ups and downs are relatively long so it allows us to swim safely
* There are beaches with white sand
* Available rescuers beach tourism
* The road is paved smooth environment with adequate street lighting
* There is a marine park with fish and marine life is stunning.
* Place the landing of Japanese troops during World War II, therefore, there still are some caves the Japanese army's defense is first used as hiding places of Japanese soldiers who intended to attack the Dutch soldiers.

Event tourism is commonly held

* Sea intention, namely ceremony performed as a manifestation of fishermen in Pangandaran their gratitude to the Almighty God's mercy by offering melarung to sea. This event is usually held in each month of Muharram, to take place on the East Coast Pangandaran.
* International Kite Festival (Pangandaran International Kite Festival) with a variety of supporting activities that we can see in every June or July.

Facilities available
  •  Postal services, telecommunications and money changer
  •  Tour Guides and Tourism Information Center
  •  Bicycle rental pool and tires
  •  Parasailing and jetski
  •  Waterboom
  •  ATM ( BRI and BNI only )
  •  Nusawiru Airport ( Susi Air only )














Green Canyon

Green Canyon



Actually, this place has a real name that is Cukang Taneuh. Green Canyon own name was popularized by a French citizen in 1993. While Cukang Taneuh land bridge that has meaning. That's because over the valleys and ravines Green Canyon there is a bridge of land used by local farmers.
 

Located in the Village Kertayasa Cijulang District, about 31 km from the tourist area of Pangandaran. This amazing attraction is actually a stream of the river Cijulang passing through the cave full of stalactites and stalakmitnya beauty charm. In addition this region is also flanked by two hill, there are many rocks and grove of trees. Overall it was formed as a natural painting is so unique and so challenging to be explored.

To reach this location travelers must depart from the pier Ciseureuh. Then continue the journey by boat outboard or oars are widely available there. The distance between the dock to the location of the Green Canyon about 3 miles, which can be reached within 30-45 minutes. Along the way we will pass the river with green water Tosca. Perhaps this is where the name originated Green Canyon.

The flow of the river is quite long, so that visitors can swim your heart's content while following the flow of the waterfall. In addition to beautiful scenery above the water surface, the Green Canyon will be a separate heaven for those who like diving. Staying bring some diving equipment, stunning scenery the notches in the water ready to be explored and enjoyed, complete with a diversity of fishes that swim to and fro at the bottom of. For those who like to challenge the adrenaline, it can jump from a large stone with a height of 5 meters to the bottom of the deep.

Rental Price
Rent a Boat : Rp. 75,000 / Boat (5 Person)







Pangandaran Beach


Pangandaran Beach


Nature Reserve in view of the sea Pangandaran
 The beauty of natural scenery in the existing tourist attraction in South Coast of West java (Pangandaran and Surrounding areas) the main attraction is why many tourists who had come to Pangandaran will always come back to visit it.  This beach is located in the Village Pananjung, District Pangandaran with a distance of about 220 Kilometers Bandung , Capytal city of West Java. Once visitors arrived in Pangandaran, visitors must pass through counter inside the door / advance tickets to buy tickets as a condition to be or not to enter into Pangandaran beach. Ticket prices are relatively cheap .

Pangandaran Beach is shaped bay is known as the Gulf Pananjung, where a meeting between the lips of sea / beach with a U-shaped land, bordered by a protected forest which is better known as the Cultural Park Nature Reserve. Here we will be in give with natural scenery, especially the sea with fortified by the shade of the trees, the sea breeze breeze, invites us to break away from all the crush and the burden that had been felt.Explore the Pangandaran Beach,

Batu Layar / stone screen



East coast of Pangandaran


To be able to explore the Pangandaran Beach can be done from the East Coast or West Coast. East coast beaches are known for a vacation while enjoying the beauty of nature, can enjoy the sunrise from the eastern horizon (sunrise), can enjoy the fishermen who were fishing on the high seas can also enjoy the catch of fishermen on the beach because there auction last stop catches the fishermen before they are exported abroad. If on the east coast trip should be done in the morning when there is no wind or natural conditions are still cool, on the east side you will see small caves, surrounding nature reserve.Karang Bolong at low tideThere is also a large cave like Cave Swallow and Cave Karang Bolong (Batu Bolong) where the majestic rock stands firmly in the middle of the sea terdapt stone (coral) are missing, even if you're lucky or sea water receded in a state you get through it with a boat that you are riding so add to the enjoyment of traveling water especially in Pangandaran beach.

Karang Bolong Cave

Goa Karang Bolong


The cost to rent a boat to cross the Cave of Karang Bolong is relatively inexpensive. Still very affordable by the financial condition of visitors. The average per boat with a group of maximum 6-8 people only spend around Rp. 400.000, -. Very cheap, because the price paid or cost incurred by crossing a wonderful experience Karang Bolong cave with boating with the family.Maritime tourism across the mouth of Goa Karang BolongIn addition there is the object of this Pangandaran Wista there is a site called Stone screen because of the rock that stands upright like sails.Stone Marine Tourism to ScreenYou will not get this valuable experience in place of other attractions. At best only screen boating waters surround the area of ​​certain attractions. For that not to be missed, if you visit and vacation in this Pangandaran Beach. After passing through the Cave of Karang Bolong had any visitor will get to the other attractions, the beach stone screen, where the beach is a stone similar to a sailboat. And the locals call it is a stone screen location. This screen is the location of Stone Culture Park adjacent to the Pangandaran Nature Reserve. Visitors will be treated to beautiful scenery surrounding the Cultural Park Nature Reserve. Lush, green, beautiful and cool despite the surrounding waters (sea) Pangandaran. For that you do not miss the experience of sailing around the coast of Pangandaran this.Swim in Pangandaran Beach


Swim in Pangandaran  

As "Bali" her West Java store various kinds of natural charm as a means of entertainment, especially for families. Such as bathing together in the waves with other visitors and enjoy itself,  can bring to our families and loved ones. According to an old proverb, if not bathe in the sea Pangandaran, like a song without sound ..... it means nothing at all (vacation without swimming).











At sunrise on the East coast of Pangandaran


In Pangandaran beach, we can see the wonderful sunrise in the morning (sunrise) especially when we're alone with our spouse, while vowing promise witnessed sunrise and thundering waves where our life's journey is likened to the movement of ocean water toward the coast, meaning that when we were in the midst calm but direct the course of time come riakan riakan-life issues and even the waves pounding the rocks must be even, but eventually reached the destination of the mainland.



In the evening we will be treated by a wide range of interesting events, including a walk along the beach in Pangandaran beach sparkling lights lit. Deep in the middle of the ocean there seen the faint flickering light fishing boat that was hunting the fish to accompany us to spend the night.Sunset in Pangandaran BeachFor young people who are in love, could be lying on the beach, looking at the stars far in over there with pandanus mats are intentionally sold or rented the local community, adding romance throughout the evening. How beautiful sunset scenery at Pangandaran beach. Usually the couples who are in love spend the night along the east coast, where the place was really fun for two-pair in the evening.Occasional visitors can also enjoy the "twilight with deer".Sunset (dusk) with deer




Deer herd in Pangandaran beachWhere the deer (deer-deer) that roam the coast seemed to greet and invite chatting to the visitors who had come to the beach of Pangandaran. As if to say "Welcome to Pangandaran Beach", welcome to tourists O Pangandaran Beach. Elk or deer that roam there is one of the unique diversity of attractions in the Pangandaran coast.And deer habitat is highly protected by the local government as to which authors have alluded to above. They are the residents of Taman Budaya Pangandaran Nature Reserve. Actually a lot of protected animal habitats in the Pangandaran Nature Reserve Cultural Park is, say, a wild bull, monkey, monkey, deer, birds, porcupine, pangolin including historic sites such historic caves since the Dutch colonial era to the Japanese.



* Prices shown on this blog can change anytime without advance notice

Batuhiu beach


Batu Hiu beach is located in the Village District Ciliang Parigi, about 15 km west of the tourist area of Pangandaran.

This beach has a very beautiful natural panorama. From the top a small hill overgrown with trees Pandan, we can see the blue Indian Ocean Indonesia with the pounding of the waves are rolling white.

About 200 meters from the beach there are a pile of rocks that resembles a shark, that's why this place called Batu Hiu.

Formerly Batuhiu beach is a place where sea turtles lay eggs and when we visit, we can see and watch turtle directly managed by local communities. They seek to rehabilitate and care for turtle eggs to be released on the beach Batu Hiu.






TORAJA TRIBE

Society and Culture of Toraja Tribe  in South Sulawesi 

Tongkonan


Toraja Tribe History

Toraja tribe is a tribe that settled in the mountainous northern part of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its population is estimated about 1 million people, with 500,000 of whom still live in Tana Toraja, Toraja Regency North and Regency Mamasa. The majority of Toraja tribe embraced Christianity, while the majority embraced Islam and animism known as Aluk To Dolo. The Indonesian government has recognized this belief as part of Hindu Dharma.

The word comes from the Bugis Toraja, to riaja, which means "one who dwells in the land of". The Dutch colonial government named the Toraja tribe in 1909. Toraja tribe famous for funeral rituals, traditional house tongkonan and carving wood. Toraja funeral rituals are important social events, usually attended by hundreds of people and lasted for several days.

Before the 20th century, Toraja tribe lived in autonomous villages. They still adhered to animism and untouched by the outside world. In the early 1900s, Dutch missionaries arrived and spread Christianity. After more open to the outside world in the 1970s, Tana Toraja regency became a symbol of Indonesian tourism. Tana Toraja exploited by tourism developers and studied by anthropologists. Toraja society since the 1990's experienced a cultural transformation from an agrarian society and the traditional faiths, a predominantly Christian society and rely on the tourism sector continues to increase.

Ethnic identity


Toraja tribe clearly have little idea about themselves as an ethnic group before the 20th century. Prior to Dutch colonialism and the christianity, Toraja tribe, who live in the highlands, was identified based on their village, and not assume the same group. Although the rituals create a relationship between the villages, there are a lot of diversity in dialects, social hierarchy, and ritual practices in the highlands of Sulawesi. "Toraja" (from the coast to, which means people, and Riaja, plateau) was first used as a designation for the resident population of lowland plateau. As a result, at first "Toraja" more trade ties with outsiders, such as the Bugis and Makassar tribe, who inhabit most of the lowlands in the Sulawesi-than with fellow tribe in the highlands. Dutch missionary presence in the highlands of Toraja ethnic consciousness raises Sa'dan Toraja Toraja region, and this shared identity grew with the rise of tourism in Tana Toraja. Since then, South Sulawesi has four main ethnic groups-Bugis (the majority, including shipbuilders and sailors), Makassar tribe (merchants and sailors), the tribe Mandar (traders and fishermen), and the tribe Toraja (growers in the highlands).

History

Gulf of Tonkin, located between northern Vietnam and southern China, believed to be the place of origin Toraja tribe. There has been a long acculturation between the Malay race in Sulawesi with Chinese immigrants. Initially, immigrants are living in coastal areas of Sulawesi, but eventually moved to the highlands.

Since the 17th century, the Dutch began to trade and political power plugged in Sulawesi through Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC). For two centuries, they ignore the central highlands of Sulawesi (Toraja tribe place of residence) because it is difficult to achieve and has little productive land. At the end of the 19th century, the Dutch began to worry about the rapid spread of Islam in South Sulawesi, especially between Makassar and Bugis tribes. Dutch view that embraces animist Toraja tribe as a potential target for Christianized. In the 1920's, the mission of the spread of Christianity began to run with the help of the colonial government .Selain spread the religion, the Dutch also abolished slavery and local taxes apply. A line drawn around the region and called Tana Toraja Sa'dan. Tana Toraja was originally a subdivision of the kingdom which claims the territory Luwu In 1946, the Dutch gave regentschap status of Tana Toraja, Indonesia and acknowledge it as a district in 1957.

Dutch missionaries who had just come get strong opposition from the Toraja tribe because of the elimination of lucrative trade routes Toraja.Beberapa Toraja people have been moved to the lowlands by force by the Netherlands to be more easily regulated. Tax set at a high level, with the aim of undermining the wealth of the elite society. Nevertheless, these efforts do not undermine Dutch Toraja culture, and few people Toraja who was a Christian. In 1950, only 10% of the Toraja people who turn to Christianity.

Muslim population in the lowlands invade Toraja in the 1930s. As a result, many of the Toraja people who want an alliance with the Dutch move to Christianity to gain political protection, and in order to form a resistance movement against the Bugis and Makassar people who are Muslims. Between 1951 and 1965 after the independence of Indonesia, South Sulawesi experienced the carnage of the Darul Islam rebellion launched, which aims to establish an Islamic state in Sulawesi. Guerrilla war that lasted for 15 years is contributing to more and more people move to Christianity Toraja.

In 1965, a presidential decree requires that the entire population of Indonesia to adopt one of the five recognized religions: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism and Buddhism. The original trust Toraja (Aluk) is not legally recognized, and the Toraja tribe is trying to oppose the decree. To make Aluk accordance with the law, he must be accepted as part of one of the official religion. In 1969, Aluk To Dolo legalized as part of Hindu Dharma.

Community
 

 1. Family
The family is the main political and social groups in the Toraja tribe. Each village is a large family. Each tongkonan have names that serve as the name of the village. Maintain the unity of the family joined the village. Marriage with a distant cousin (fourth cousins ​​and so on) is a common practice that strengthens the relationship .Suku Toraja prohibits marriage with a cousin near (up to third cousins) except for the nobility, to prevent the spread of wealth. Kinship takes place on a reciprocal basis, in the sense that large families help each other in agriculture, share in the ritual buffalo, and each paid the debt.

Each person becomes a member of the family of his mother and father. Children, therefore, inherited many things from her mother and father, including land and even the family debt. The child's name is given on the basis of kinship, and is usually chosen based on the name of relatives who have died. Name of aunts, uncles and cousins ​​who are usually called in the name of mother, father and siblings.

Prior to the administration by a government official Tana Toraja district, each village to his own government. In certain situations, when one family Toraja can not handle their own problems, some desabiasanya form a group; sometimes, miraculous village will be united against other villages The relationship between family expressed by blood, marriage, and shared ancestral home (tongkonan), practically characterized by the exchange of water buffalo and pigs in the ritual. The exchange is not only political and cultural relationships between families but also puts each person in the social hierarchy: who poured the wine, who wrapped the body and prepare offerings, where every person should or should not sit, what to use plates or avoided, and even pieces of meat that is allowed for each person.

2. Social Class

In Toraja society early, close family relationships related to social class. There are three levels of social classes: nobility, common people, and slaves (slavery was abolished in 1909 by the Dutch Government). Passed down through the mother's social class. It is forbidden to marry a woman from a lower class but are allowed to marry women from the more high-class, aims to improve the status of the next descent. Condescension of Lords against the commoners still maintained until now due to family reasons dignity.

The nobility, which is believed to be descended from heaven, lived in tongkonan, while the common people lived in more modest houses (bamboo huts called banua). Slaves lived in small huts built near tongkonan property of their masters. Commoners may marry anyone but the nobility usually perform marriages in the family to maintain the purity of their status. Commoners and slaves forbidden to hold a celebration of death. Though based on kinship and descent status, there are also some social movement that can affect a person's status, such as marriage or the change in the amount of wealth. Wealth is calculated based on the number of buffalo owned.

Slaves in Toraja society is family-owned property. Sometimes people become slaves because of Toraja in debt and pay it in a way become a slave. Slaves could be taken during the war, and the slave trade was common. Slaves could buy their freedom, but their children still inherited slave status. Slaves are not allowed to wear bronze or gold, eating from the same plate with their masters, or having sex with free women. The penalty for violation of the death penalty.

Religion

Traditional belief systems Toraja tribe is called animism Aluk polytheistic, or "road" (sometimes translated as "law"). In the mythical Toraja, the Toraja ancestors came from heaven by a ladder which is then used by the Toraja tribe as a way of relating to Puang Matua, the creator god. The universe, according to Aluk, divided into upper world (Heaven) the human world (earth), and the world bawah.Pada beginning, heaven and earth to get married and produce darkness, separation, and then came the light. Animals living in the underworld who is represented by a rectangular bounded by four pillars, the earth is a place for humanity, and heaven is located on top, covered with a roof berbetuk saddle. Toraja other gods is in Chain of Banggai Pong (the god of the earth), Indo 'Ongon-Ongon (goddess of earthquakes), Pong Lalondong (god of death), Indo' Belo tumbles (goddess of treatment), and others.

Power on earth that the words and actions must be held either in agriculture or in the life of the funeral ceremony, referred to minaa (a pastor Aluk). Aluk not just a belief system, but also a combination of law, religion, and habits. Aluk regulate social life, agricultural practices, and religious rituals. Aluk ordinances can vary from one village to another village. The common law rule that the rituals of death and life should be separated. Toraja tribe believes that the rituals of death will destroy the body if the implementation is combined with ritual ritual kehidupan.Kedua is equally important. When there is a missionary from the Netherlands, the Christian Toraja are not allowed to attend or perform rituals of life, but allowed to perform the ritual of death. As a result, death rituals are often performed to date, but the ritual has begun life rarely implemented.


Culture

Tongkonan are traditional Toraja house that stood on a pile of wood and decorated with carved red, black, and yellow. The word "tongkonan" is derived from the Toraja language tongkon ("sitting").

Tongkonan is the center of social life Toraja tribe. Rituals associated with tongkonan very important in the spiritual life of Toraja tribe therefore all family members are required to participate because Tongkonan melambangan their relationship with their fathers. According to folklore Toraja, tongkonan first constructed in heaven with four poles. When the ancestors of the Toraja tribe down to earth, he imitated the house and held a large ceremony.



Tongkonan development is a tiring job and is usually done with the help of a large family. There are three types of tongkonan. Tongkonan layuk is where the supreme power, which is used as the central "government". Tongkonan pekamberan belongs to a family member who has a certain authority in the local customs and traditions while family members used to live in tongkonan stone. Exclusiveness of the nobility of tongkonan decreases the number of ordinary people who seek gainful employment in other areas in Indonesia. Having earned enough money, ordinary people were able to build large tongkonan.

Woodcut



Toraja language is only spoken and not have a system tulisan.Untuk show kosep religious and social, ethnic Toraja wood carving and making calls Pa'ssura (or "posts"). Therefore, wood carving is a manifestation of Toraja culture.

Every carving has a special name. His motives are animals and plants usually symbolizing virtue, for example, water plants like water weeds and animals such as crabs and tadpoles which symbolizes fertility. Picture left shows an example of Toraja wood carving, consisting of 15 square panels. Under the middle panel represents the buffalo, or wealth, as the hope for a family get a lot of buffalo. Middle panels represent the vertices and boxes, an expectation that all descendants of the family will be happy and live in peace, as the goods are stored in a box. Box upper left and upper right symbolize aquatic animals, suggesting the need to move quickly and work hard, like an animal that moves on the water surface. It is also pointed out the need for specific expertise to produce good results.

Regularity and order is a common feature in Toraja wood carving (see table design below), in addition Toraja wood carving too abstract and geometric. Nature is often used as the basis of the ornament Toraja, because nature is full of abstraction and geometry are studied in ethnomatematika teratur.Ornamen Toraja with the aim of uncovering the structure of mathematics although Toraja tribe made this engraving based solely on their own estimates. Toraja tribes use bamboo to make oranamen geometric.

Funeral Ceremony







In Toraja society, funeral rituals are the most important and costly. The more wealthy and powerful person, the funeral expenses will be more expensive. In religion Aluk, only royal families are entitled to hold a big funeral party. Feast of the funeral of a nobleman is usually attended by thousands of people and lasted for several days. A place called rante funeral procession is usually prepared in a broad meadow, other than as a place of mourners in attendance, as well as a granary, and a variety of other funeral devices made by the family of the deceased. Flute music, singing, songs and poems, weeping and wailing is an expression of grief by the Toraja tribe but all it does not apply to funerals of children, the poor, and low class people.

This funeral was held just sometimes after weeks, months, even years since the death in question, with the goal of keeping the family left behind to collect enough money to cover funeral expenses. Toraja tribe believes that death is not something that comes with a sudden but a gradual process toward Puya (the spirit world, or the afterlife). In that waiting period, the corpse is wrapped with a few pieces of cloth and kept under tongkonan. Spirits of the dead believed to remain in the village until the funeral is completed, after which the soul will travel to Puya.





Another part of the cemetery is the buffalo slaughter. The more powerful person, the more buffalo are slaughtered. Slaughtering is done by using a machete. Buffalo carcass, including head, lined up on the field, waiting for its owner, who is in "sleep time". Toraja tribe believed that the spirits need a water buffalo to perform the journey and will be faster until at Puya if there is a lot of buffalo. Slaughter of tens of hundreds of buffalo and pigs is the culmination lacks the funeral music and dance that captured the youth spurting blood with a long bamboo. Some meat was given to the guests and noted that it would be considered a debt to the family of the deceased.

There are three ways a funeral: Coffins can be stored in the cave, or at the tomb of carved stone, or hung on the cliffs. Rich people are sometimes buried in a tomb carved stone. The tomb is usually expensive and time of manufacture about a few months.

In some areas, the rock caves used to save the body of the entire family. Wooden statue called tau tau is usually placed in the cave and facing outward.

The coffin infant or child with a rope hanging on the cliff side. Ropes are usually survive for a year before making his casket rot and fall.

Music and Dance
 



Toraja tribe perform a dance on several occasions, mostly in burial ceremonies. They dance to show his grief, and to honor the spirits of the deceased as well as encourage the spirits will lead the long journey to the afterlife. First of all, a group of men formed a circle and sang all night to honor the deceased (terseebut ritual called Ma'badong). Ritual is considered the most important component of the second day of the funeral ceremony pemakaman.Pada, warrior dance Ma'randing shown to commend the courage of the deceased during his lifetime. Some men perform a dance with a sword, prisai of buffalo leather, buffalo horn helmets, and various other ornaments. Ma'randing dance procession started when the corpse was taken from the granary to rante, where the funeral service. During the ceremony, the adult females do Ma'katia dance, singing and wearing a feathered costume dress. Ma'akatia dance aims to remind the audience on the generosity and loyalty of the deceased. After the slaughter of buffalo and pigs, a group of boys and girls perform a dance while clapping cheerfully called Ma'dondan.

As in other agrarian societies, Toraja tribe sang and danced during the harvest season. Ma'bugi dance performed to celebrate Thanksgiving Day and dances Ma'gandangi displayed when interest Toraja was pounding rice There are some dances of war, for example Manimbong dances performed by men and then followed by a dance Ma'dandan by women. Religion Aluk regulate when and how the Toraja tribe dance. A dance called Ma'bua 12 years can only be done once. Toraja ceremony Ma'bua is important when wearing religious head of buffalo and danced around the sacred tree.

Toraja traditional musical instrument is a bamboo flute called Pa'suling. Six hole flute is played at many dances, such as on the dance Ma'bondensan, when the instrument is played with a group of men who dance with no shirt and long finger nails. Toraja tribe also has other musical instruments, for example Pa'pelle made from palm leaves and played at harvest time and when the opening ceremony of the house.

Language


Toraja language is the dominant language in Tana Toraja, the Toraja Sa'dan as the main dialect. Indonesian as the national language is the official language and is used by the public, but the Toraja language was taught in all primary schools in Tana Toraja.

Variety of language in Toraja, among others Kalumpang, Mamasa, Tae ', Talondo', Toala ', and Toraja-Sa'dan, and included in the Malayo-Polynesian language family of Austronesian languages. At first, the nature of Tana Toraja geographically isolated form the many dialects of the language's own Toraja. After a government official in Tana Toraja, Toraja several dialects became influenced by other languages ​​through the process of transmigration, which was introduced since the colonial period. It is the main cause of diversity in Toraja.

Diversity in Toraja

Denominasi ISO 639-3 POPULATION Dialect
Kalumpang kli 12,000 (1991) Karataun, Mablei, Mangki (E'da), Bone Hau (Ta'da).
Mamasa mqj 100,000 (1991) Mamasa Utara, Mamasa tengah, Pattae' (Mamasa Selatan, Patta' Binuang, Binuang, Tae', Binuang-Paki-Batetanga-Anteapi)
Ta'e rob 250,000 (1992) Rongkong, Luwu Timur Laut, Luwu Selatan, Bua.
Talondo' tln 500 (1986)
Toala' tlz 30,000 (1983) Toala', Palili'.
Torajan-Sa'dan sda 500,000 (1990) Makale (Tallulembangna), Rantepao (Kesu'), Toraja Barat (Toraja Barat, Mappa-Pana).


Prominent features in the Toraja language is the notion of mourning death. The importance of funeral ceremony in Toraja have made their language can express feelings of grief and mourning process in several levels of rumit.Bahasa Toraja has many terms to show sadness, longing, depression, and mental distress. It is a catharsis for the Toraja if it can clearly show the influence of events lost someone; it sometimes also aimed to reduce the suffering of grief itself.

 Economy
Before the New Order period, Toraja economy dependent on agriculture with the terracing on the slopes of the mountain and its supporting food is cassava and maize. Much time and effort spent Toraja tribe to breed buffaloes, pigs, and chickens are needed primarily for ritual sacrifice and as makanan.Kopi Toraja. The only industry is agriculture in the Toraja coffee factory of Japan,


With the start of the New Order in 1965, Indonesia's economy began to grow and opening up to foreign investment. Many multinational oil and mining companies to open new businesses in Indonesia. Toraja society, especially the younger generation, many who move to work in foreign companies. They went to Borneo to the wood and oil, to Papua to mine, and to cities in Sulawesi and Java. This transfer occurred until 1985.


Toraja economy is gradually turning to tourism began in 1984. Between 1984 and 1997, Toraja people earn income by working in a hotel, a tour guide, or sell souvenirs. The emergence of political and economic instability Indonesia in the late 1990s (including a variety of religious conflict in Sulawesi) has caused tourism to decline drastically Toraja.